Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, also known as Pablo Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor,printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. As one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica(1937), a portrayal of the Bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces at the behest of the Spanish nationalist government during theSpanish Civil War.
Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are regarded as the three artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics.
Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a realistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. His work is often categorised into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), theRose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), AnalyticCubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919).
Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.
En 1935 nacería una hija, Maya, de una nueva relación sentimental, Marie-Therèse, con quien Pablo Picasso convivió abiertamente a pesar de seguir casado con Olga Koklova; a partir de 1936, ambas debieron compartir al pintor con una tercera mujer, la fotógrafa Dora Maar.
El estallido de la guerra civil española lo empujó a una mayor concienciación política, fruto de la cual es una de sus obras más conocidas, el mural de gran tamaño Gernika. En 1943 conoció a Françoise Gilot, con la que tendría dos hijos, Claude y Paloma. Tres años más tarde Pablo Picasso abandonó París para instalarse en Antibes, donde incorporó la cerámica a sus soportes predilectos.
En la década de 1950 realizó numerosas series sobre grandes obras clásicas de la pintura, que reinterpretó a modo de homenaje. En 1961 Pablo Picasso contrajo segundas nupcias con Jacqueline Roque; sería su última relación sentimental de importancia. Convertido ya en una leyenda en vida y en el epítome de la vanguardia, el artista y Jacqueline se retiraron al castillo de Vouvenargues, donde el creador continuó trabajando incansablemente hasta el día de su muerte.